fix(approval): catch perl/ruby -i as a separate flag token

The salvaged pattern matched -i only inside the first flag token, so
`perl -p -i -e '...' config.yaml` (the -i split out after -p) slipped
through. Widen to match a -...i flag token anywhere in the args; still
no false positive on `perl -e` code eval or config reads. Adds tests
for the separate-token, backup-suffix, and read-safe forms.

tests/tools/test_approval.py

@@ -449,6 +449,30 @@ class TestHermesConfigWriteProtection:
         )
         assert dangerous is True
 
+    def test_perl_in_place_separate_flag_token(self):
+        # The -i flag does not have to be the first token. `perl -p -i -e`
+        # splits the in-place flag out as its own token after -p; the pattern
+        # must catch it the same as `perl -i -pe`.
+        dangerous, key, desc = detect_dangerous_command(
+            "perl -p -i -e 's/approvals.mode: on/approvals.mode: off/' ~/.hermes/config.yaml"
+        )
+        assert dangerous is True
+
+    def test_perl_in_place_backup_suffix(self):
+        # `perl -i.bak` keeps a backup but still mutates the file in place.
+        dangerous, key, desc = detect_dangerous_command(
+            "perl -i.bak -pe 's/x/y/' ~/.hermes/config.yaml"
+        )
+        assert dangerous is True
+
+    def test_perl_eval_no_inplace_safe(self):
+        # `perl -e` with no -i flag is code evaluation, not file mutation —
+        # the perl/ruby -i pattern must not fire on it.
+        dangerous, key, desc = detect_dangerous_command(
+            "perl -wne 'print' ~/.hermes/config.yaml"
+        )
+        assert dangerous is False
+
     def test_read_is_safe(self):
         # Reading config is not a write — must not trip.
         dangerous, key, desc = detect_dangerous_command("cat ~/.hermes/config.yaml")

tools/approval.py

@@ -446,7 +446,12 @@ DANGEROUS_PATTERNS = [
     # perl -i and ruby -i perform the same in-place mutation as sed -i but are
     # not caught by the -e/-c script-execution pattern above (which targets code
     # evaluation, not file mutation). Pairs the sed -i coverage from #14639.
-    (rf'\b(?:perl|ruby)\s+-[^\s]*i.*(?:{_HERMES_CONFIG_PATH}|{_HERMES_ENV_PATH})', "in-place edit of Hermes config/env (perl/ruby)"),
+    # The -i flag can appear as its own token after other flags
+    # (`perl -p -i -e ... config.yaml`), combined (`perl -pi -e`), or with a
+    # backup suffix (`perl -i.bak`). Match any flag token containing `i`
+    # anywhere in the args, not just the first token — `perl -e '...'` (code
+    # eval, no -i) does not trip because it has no `-...i` flag token.
+    (rf'\b(?:perl|ruby)\b.*(?:^|\s)-[^\s]*i\b.*(?:{_HERMES_CONFIG_PATH}|{_HERMES_ENV_PATH})', "in-place edit of Hermes config/env (perl/ruby)"),
     # Script execution via heredoc — bypasses the -e/-c flag patterns above.
     # `python3 << 'EOF'` feeds arbitrary code via stdin without -c/-e flags.
     (r'\b(python[23]?|perl|ruby|node)\s+<<', "script execution via heredoc"),