Files
hermes-agent/agent/tool_executor.py
Bryan Bednarski 0d9b7132ff feat(observability): observer-grade telemetry hooks + NeMo-Relay plugin
Adds backend-neutral observer hooks for plugins: session, turn, API
request, tool, approval, and subagent lifecycle events with stable
correlation IDs (session_id, task_id, turn_id, api_request_id,
tool_call_id, parent/child subagent ids). Extends VALID_HOOKS with
api_request_error and subagent_start.

Hot path is zero-cost when no plugin subscribes: has_hook()/presence
checks gate all payload construction, request payloads are returned
by reference when no middleware rewrites, and the sanitized response
payload no longer embeds raw response objects.

Bundles the optional NeMo-Relay observability plugin
(plugins/observability/nemo_relay) as an in-repo consumer of the new
hooks, peer to the existing langfuse plugin. Fails open when the
optional nemo-relay package is not installed.

Authored-by: Bryan Bednarski <bbednarski@nvidia.com>
Salvaged from #29722 onto current main.
2026-06-03 06:36:46 -07:00

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"""Tool-call execution — sequential and concurrent dispatch.
Both AIAgent methods (``_execute_tool_calls_sequential`` and
``_execute_tool_calls_concurrent``) live here as module-level
functions that take the parent ``AIAgent`` as their first argument.
``run_agent`` keeps thin wrappers so existing call sites work; tests
that patch ``run_agent._set_interrupt`` are honored because the
extracted functions reach back through the ``run_agent`` module via
``_ra()`` for that symbol.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import concurrent.futures
import json
import logging
import os
import random
import threading
import time
from typing import Any, Optional
from agent.display import (
KawaiiSpinner,
build_tool_preview as _build_tool_preview,
get_cute_tool_message as _get_cute_tool_message_impl,
get_tool_emoji as _get_tool_emoji,
_detect_tool_failure,
)
from agent.tool_guardrails import ToolGuardrailDecision
from agent.tool_dispatch_helpers import (
_is_destructive_command,
_is_multimodal_tool_result,
_multimodal_text_summary,
_append_subdir_hint_to_multimodal,
make_tool_result_message,
)
from tools.terminal_tool import (
get_active_env,
)
from tools.thread_context import propagate_context_to_thread
from tools.tool_result_storage import (
maybe_persist_tool_result,
enforce_turn_budget,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Maximum number of concurrent worker threads for parallel tool execution.
# Mirrors the constant in ``run_agent`` for tests/imports that look here.
_MAX_TOOL_WORKERS = 8
def _ra():
"""Lazy reference to ``run_agent`` so patches like ``run_agent._set_interrupt`` work."""
import run_agent
return run_agent
def _emit_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
*,
function_name: str,
function_args: dict,
result: Any,
effective_task_id: str,
tool_call_id: str,
duration_ms: int = 0,
status: str | None = None,
error_type: str | None = None,
error_message: str | None = None,
) -> None:
try:
from model_tools import _emit_post_tool_call_hook, _tool_result_observer_fields
if status is None:
status, error_type, error_message = _tool_result_observer_fields(result)
_emit_post_tool_call_hook(
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
result=result,
task_id=effective_task_id or "",
session_id=getattr(agent, "session_id", "") or "",
tool_call_id=tool_call_id or "",
turn_id=getattr(agent, "_current_turn_id", "") or "",
api_request_id=getattr(agent, "_current_api_request_id", "") or "",
duration_ms=duration_ms,
status=status,
error_type=error_type,
error_message=error_message,
)
except Exception:
pass
def _cancelled_tool_result(reason: str = "user interrupt") -> str:
return json.dumps(
{
"error": f"Tool execution cancelled by {reason}",
"status": "cancelled",
},
ensure_ascii=False,
)
def _emit_cancelled_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
*,
function_name: str,
function_args: dict,
effective_task_id: str,
tool_call_id: str,
start_time: float,
reason: str = "user interrupt",
error_type: str = "keyboard_interrupt",
) -> str:
result = _cancelled_tool_result(reason)
_emit_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
result=result,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=tool_call_id,
duration_ms=int((time.time() - start_time) * 1000),
status="cancelled",
error_type=error_type,
error_message=f"Tool execution cancelled by {reason}",
)
return result
def _tool_search_scoped_names(agent) -> frozenset:
"""Return the deferrable tool names the session may invoke via tool_call.
The Tool Search unwrap dispatches the underlying tool directly, bypassing
the bridge branch (and its scope check) in
``model_tools.handle_function_call``. To keep a restricted-toolset session
(subagent, kanban worker, curated gateway session) from reaching tools it
was never granted, the unwrap validates the underlying name against this
set: the deferrable subset of the session's own enabled/disabled toolset
scope.
Result is cached on the agent and refreshed when the tool registry's
generation changes (e.g. an MCP server reconnects), so the common case is
a dict lookup, not a full tool-defs rebuild on every tool call.
"""
try:
import model_tools
from tools import tool_search as _ts
from tools.registry import registry as _registry
except Exception:
return frozenset()
enabled = getattr(agent, "enabled_toolsets", None)
disabled = getattr(agent, "disabled_toolsets", None)
cache_key = (
getattr(_registry, "_generation", 0),
frozenset(enabled) if enabled is not None else None,
frozenset(disabled) if disabled is not None else None,
)
cached = getattr(agent, "_tool_search_scope_cache", None)
if cached is not None and cached[0] == cache_key:
return cached[1]
try:
scoped_defs = model_tools.get_tool_definitions(
enabled_toolsets=enabled,
disabled_toolsets=disabled,
quiet_mode=True,
skip_tool_search_assembly=True,
) or []
names = _ts.scoped_deferrable_names(scoped_defs)
except Exception:
names = frozenset()
try:
agent._tool_search_scope_cache = (cache_key, names)
except Exception:
pass
return names
def execute_tool_calls_concurrent(agent, assistant_message, messages: list, effective_task_id: str, api_call_count: int = 0) -> None:
"""Execute multiple tool calls concurrently using a thread pool.
Results are collected in the original tool-call order and appended to
messages so the API sees them in the expected sequence.
"""
tool_calls = assistant_message.tool_calls
num_tools = len(tool_calls)
# ── Pre-flight: interrupt check ──────────────────────────────────
if agent._interrupt_requested:
print(f"{agent.log_prefix}⚡ Interrupt: skipping {num_tools} tool call(s)")
for tc in tool_calls:
messages.append(make_tool_result_message(
tc.function.name,
f"[Tool execution cancelled — {tc.function.name} was skipped due to user interrupt]",
tc.id,
))
return
# ── Parse args + pre-execution bookkeeping ───────────────────────
parsed_calls = [] # list of (tool_call, function_name, function_args)
for tool_call in tool_calls:
function_name = tool_call.function.name
# Reset nudge counters
if function_name == "memory":
agent._turns_since_memory = 0
elif function_name == "skill_manage":
agent._iters_since_skill = 0
try:
function_args = json.loads(tool_call.function.arguments)
except json.JSONDecodeError:
function_args = {}
if not isinstance(function_args, dict):
function_args = {}
# ── Tool Search unwrap ────────────────────────────────────────
# When the model invokes the tool_call bridge, peel it open so
# every downstream check (checkpointing, guardrails, plugin
# pre-tool-call hooks, the display/activity feed, the post-call
# callback) sees the underlying tool — not the bridge. This is
# the OpenClaw lesson: hooks must observe the real tool name.
#
# The original tool_call entry on ``tool_call.function`` is left
# untouched so the conversation transcript and the matching
# tool_call_id are preserved exactly as the model emitted them.
#
# Scope gate: the unwrap dispatches the underlying tool directly
# (bypassing the bridge branch in handle_function_call and its
# scope check), so we enforce session toolset scope HERE. A tool
# the session was not granted is rejected before any checkpoint,
# hook, or dispatch fires.
_ts_scope_block = None
try:
from tools import tool_search as _ts
if function_name == _ts.TOOL_CALL_NAME:
_underlying, _underlying_args, _err = _ts.resolve_underlying_call(function_args)
if not _err and _underlying:
if _underlying in _tool_search_scoped_names(agent):
function_name = _underlying
function_args = _underlying_args
else:
_ts_scope_block = json.dumps({
"error": (
f"'{_underlying}' is not available in this session. "
"Use tool_search to find tools you can call."
),
}, ensure_ascii=False)
except Exception:
pass
# ── Block evaluation (BEFORE checkpoint preflight) ───────────
# We must know whether the tool will execute before touching
# checkpoint state (dedup slot, real snapshots).
block_result = None
blocked_by_guardrail = False
if _ts_scope_block is not None:
# Out-of-scope tool_call: reject before hooks/guardrails/dispatch.
block_result = _ts_scope_block
_emit_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
result=block_result,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
status="blocked",
error_type="tool_scope_block",
error_message=_ts_scope_block,
)
else:
try:
from hermes_cli.plugins import get_pre_tool_call_block_message
block_message = get_pre_tool_call_block_message(
function_name,
function_args,
task_id=effective_task_id or "",
session_id=getattr(agent, "session_id", "") or "",
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
turn_id=getattr(agent, "_current_turn_id", "") or "",
api_request_id=getattr(agent, "_current_api_request_id", "") or "",
)
except Exception:
block_message = None
if block_message is not None:
block_result = json.dumps({"error": block_message}, ensure_ascii=False)
_emit_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
result=block_result,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
status="blocked",
error_type="plugin_block",
error_message=block_message,
)
else:
guardrail_decision = agent._tool_guardrails.before_call(function_name, function_args)
if not guardrail_decision.allows_execution:
block_result = agent._guardrail_block_result(guardrail_decision)
blocked_by_guardrail = True
_emit_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
result=block_result,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
status="blocked",
error_type="guardrail_block",
error_message=getattr(guardrail_decision, "message", None) or "Tool blocked by guardrail policy",
)
# ── Checkpoint preflight (only for tools that will execute) ──
if block_result is None:
# Checkpoint for file-mutating tools
if function_name in {"write_file", "patch"} and agent._checkpoint_mgr.enabled:
try:
file_path = function_args.get("path", "")
if file_path:
work_dir = agent._checkpoint_mgr.get_working_dir_for_path(file_path)
agent._checkpoint_mgr.ensure_checkpoint(work_dir, f"before {function_name}")
except Exception:
pass
# Checkpoint before destructive terminal commands
if function_name == "terminal" and agent._checkpoint_mgr.enabled:
try:
cmd = function_args.get("command", "")
if _is_destructive_command(cmd):
cwd = function_args.get("workdir") or os.getenv("TERMINAL_CWD", os.getcwd())
agent._checkpoint_mgr.ensure_checkpoint(
cwd, f"before terminal: {cmd[:60]}"
)
except Exception:
pass
parsed_calls.append((tool_call, function_name, function_args, block_result, blocked_by_guardrail))
# ── Logging / callbacks ──────────────────────────────────────────
tool_names_str = ", ".join(name for _, name, _, _, _ in parsed_calls)
if not agent.quiet_mode:
print(f" ⚡ Concurrent: {num_tools} tool calls — {tool_names_str}")
for i, (tc, name, args, block_result, blocked_by_guardrail) in enumerate(parsed_calls, 1):
args_str = json.dumps(args, ensure_ascii=False)
if agent.verbose_logging:
print(f" 📞 Tool {i}: {name}({list(args.keys())})")
print(agent._wrap_verbose("Args: ", json.dumps(args, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)))
else:
args_preview = args_str[:agent.log_prefix_chars] + "..." if len(args_str) > agent.log_prefix_chars else args_str
print(f" 📞 Tool {i}: {name}({list(args.keys())}) - {args_preview}")
for tc, name, args, block_result, blocked_by_guardrail in parsed_calls:
if block_result is not None:
continue
if agent.tool_progress_callback:
try:
preview = _build_tool_preview(name, args)
agent.tool_progress_callback("tool.started", name, preview, args)
except Exception as cb_err:
logging.debug(f"Tool progress callback error: {cb_err}")
for tc, name, args, block_result, blocked_by_guardrail in parsed_calls:
if block_result is not None:
continue
if agent.tool_start_callback:
try:
agent.tool_start_callback(tc.id, name, args)
except Exception as cb_err:
logging.debug(f"Tool start callback error: {cb_err}")
# ── Concurrent execution ─────────────────────────────────────────
# Each slot holds (function_name, function_args, function_result, duration, error_flag, blocked_flag)
results = [None] * num_tools
for i, (tc, name, args, block_result, blocked_by_guardrail) in enumerate(parsed_calls):
if block_result is not None:
results[i] = (name, args, block_result, 0.0, True, True)
# Touch activity before launching workers so the gateway knows
# we're executing tools (not stuck).
agent._current_tool = tool_names_str
agent._touch_activity(f"executing {num_tools} tools concurrently: {tool_names_str}")
def _run_tool(index, tool_call, function_name, function_args):
"""Worker function executed in a thread."""
# Register this worker tid so the agent can fan out an interrupt
# to it — see AIAgent.interrupt(). Must happen first thing, and
# must be paired with discard + clear in the finally block.
_worker_tid = threading.current_thread().ident
with agent._tool_worker_threads_lock:
agent._tool_worker_threads.add(_worker_tid)
# Race: if the agent was interrupted between fan-out (which
# snapshotted an empty/earlier set) and our registration, apply
# the interrupt to our own tid now so is_interrupted() inside
# the tool returns True on the next poll.
if agent._interrupt_requested:
try:
_ra()._set_interrupt(True, _worker_tid)
except Exception:
pass
# Set the activity callback on THIS worker thread so
# _wait_for_process (terminal commands) can fire heartbeats.
# The callback is thread-local; the main thread's callback
# is invisible to worker threads.
try:
from tools.environments.base import set_activity_callback
set_activity_callback(agent._touch_activity)
except Exception:
pass
# Approval/sudo callbacks (thread-local) and the agent turn's
# ContextVars are propagated by propagate_context_to_thread() at the
# submit site below (GHSA-qg5c-hvr5-hjgr, #13617).
start = time.time()
try:
try:
result = agent._invoke_tool(
function_name,
function_args,
effective_task_id,
tool_call.id,
messages=messages,
pre_tool_block_checked=True,
)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
try:
agent.interrupt("keyboard interrupt")
except Exception:
pass
result = _emit_cancelled_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
start_time=start,
)
duration = time.time() - start
logger.info("tool %s cancelled (%.2fs)", function_name, duration)
results[index] = (function_name, function_args, result, duration, True, False)
return
except Exception as tool_error:
result = f"Error executing tool '{function_name}': {tool_error}"
logger.error("_invoke_tool raised for %s: %s", function_name, tool_error, exc_info=True)
duration = time.time() - start
is_error, _ = _detect_tool_failure(function_name, result)
if is_error:
logger.info("tool %s failed (%.2fs): %s", function_name, duration, result[:200])
else:
logger.info("tool %s completed (%.2fs, %d chars)", function_name, duration, len(result))
results[index] = (function_name, function_args, result, duration, is_error, False)
finally:
# Tear down worker-tid tracking. Clear any interrupt bit we may
# have set so the next task scheduled onto this recycled tid
# starts with a clean slate. This MUST be in a finally block
# because BaseException subclasses (CancelledError, KeyboardInterrupt)
# bypass ``except Exception`` and would otherwise leak the tid
# into _interrupted_threads, poisoning the recycled thread.
with agent._tool_worker_threads_lock:
agent._tool_worker_threads.discard(_worker_tid)
try:
_ra()._set_interrupt(False, _worker_tid)
except Exception:
pass
# Start spinner for CLI mode (skip when TUI handles tool progress)
spinner = None
if agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages() and agent._should_start_quiet_spinner():
face = random.choice(KawaiiSpinner.get_waiting_faces())
spinner = KawaiiSpinner(f"{face} ⚡ running {num_tools} tools concurrently", spinner_type='dots', print_fn=agent._print_fn)
spinner.start()
try:
runnable_calls = [
(i, tc, name, args)
for i, (tc, name, args, block_result, blocked_by_guardrail) in enumerate(parsed_calls)
if block_result is None
]
futures = []
if runnable_calls:
max_workers = min(len(runnable_calls), _MAX_TOOL_WORKERS)
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
for i, tc, name, args in runnable_calls:
# Propagate the agent turn's ContextVars (e.g.
# _approval_session_key) AND thread-local approval/sudo
# callbacks into the worker thread; clears callbacks on exit.
f = executor.submit(
propagate_context_to_thread(_run_tool), i, tc, name, args
)
futures.append(f)
# Wait for all to complete with periodic heartbeats so the
# gateway's inactivity monitor doesn't kill us during long
# concurrent tool batches. Also check for user interrupts
# so we don't block indefinitely when the user sends /stop
# or a new message during concurrent tool execution.
_conc_start = time.time()
_interrupt_logged = False
while True:
done, not_done = concurrent.futures.wait(
futures, timeout=5.0,
)
if not not_done:
break
# Check for interrupt — the per-thread interrupt signal
# already causes individual tools (terminal, execute_code)
# to abort, but tools without interrupt checks (web_search,
# read_file) will run to completion. Cancel any futures
# that haven't started yet so we don't block on them.
if agent._interrupt_requested:
if not _interrupt_logged:
_interrupt_logged = True
agent._vprint(
f"{agent.log_prefix}⚡ Interrupt: cancelling "
f"{len(not_done)} pending concurrent tool(s)",
force=True,
)
for f in not_done:
f.cancel()
# Give already-running tools a moment to notice the
# per-thread interrupt signal and exit gracefully.
concurrent.futures.wait(not_done, timeout=3.0)
break
_conc_elapsed = int(time.time() - _conc_start)
# Heartbeat every ~30s (6 × 5s poll intervals)
if _conc_elapsed > 0 and _conc_elapsed % 30 < 6:
_still_running = [
parsed_calls[futures.index(f)][1]
for f in not_done
if f in futures
]
agent._touch_activity(
f"concurrent tools running ({_conc_elapsed}s, "
f"{len(not_done)} remaining: {', '.join(_still_running[:3])})"
)
finally:
if spinner:
# Build a summary message for the spinner stop
completed = sum(1 for r in results if r is not None)
total_dur = sum(r[3] for r in results if r is not None)
spinner.stop(f"{completed}/{num_tools} tools completed in {total_dur:.1f}s total")
# ── Post-execution: display per-tool results ─────────────────────
for i, (tc, name, args, block_result, blocked_by_guardrail) in enumerate(parsed_calls):
r = results[i]
blocked = False
if r is None:
# Tool was cancelled (interrupt) or thread didn't return
if agent._interrupt_requested:
function_result = f"[Tool execution cancelled — {name} was skipped due to user interrupt]"
_emit_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=name,
function_args=args,
result=function_result,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tc, "id", "") or "",
status="cancelled",
error_type="keyboard_interrupt",
error_message="Tool execution cancelled by user interrupt",
)
else:
function_result = f"Error executing tool '{name}': thread did not return a result"
_emit_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=name,
function_args=args,
result=function_result,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tc, "id", "") or "",
status="error",
error_type="thread_missing_result",
error_message=function_result,
)
tool_duration = 0.0
else:
function_name, function_args, function_result, tool_duration, is_error, blocked = r
if not blocked:
function_result = agent._append_guardrail_observation(
function_name,
function_args,
function_result,
failed=is_error,
)
if is_error:
_err_text = _multimodal_text_summary(function_result)
result_preview = _err_text[:200] if len(_err_text) > 200 else _err_text
logger.warning("Tool %s returned error (%.2fs): %s", function_name, tool_duration, result_preview)
# Track file-mutation outcome for the turn-end verifier.
# `blocked` calls never actually ran — don't let a guardrail
# block count as either a failure or a success.
if not blocked:
try:
agent._record_file_mutation_result(
function_name, function_args, function_result, is_error,
)
except Exception as _ver_err:
logging.debug("file-mutation verifier record failed: %s", _ver_err)
if not blocked and agent.tool_progress_callback:
try:
agent.tool_progress_callback(
"tool.completed", function_name, None, None,
duration=tool_duration, is_error=is_error,
result=function_result,
)
except Exception as cb_err:
logging.debug(f"Tool progress callback error: {cb_err}")
if agent.verbose_logging:
logging.debug(f"Tool {function_name} completed in {tool_duration:.2f}s")
logging.debug(f"Tool result ({len(function_result)} chars): {function_result}")
# Print cute message per tool
if agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages():
cute_msg = _get_cute_tool_message_impl(name, args, tool_duration, result=function_result)
agent._safe_print(f" {cute_msg}")
elif not agent.quiet_mode:
_preview_str = _multimodal_text_summary(function_result)
if agent.verbose_logging:
print(f" ✅ Tool {i+1} completed in {tool_duration:.2f}s")
print(agent._wrap_verbose("Result: ", _preview_str))
else:
response_preview = _preview_str[:agent.log_prefix_chars] + "..." if len(_preview_str) > agent.log_prefix_chars else _preview_str
print(f" ✅ Tool {i+1} completed in {tool_duration:.2f}s - {response_preview}")
agent._current_tool = None
agent._touch_activity(f"tool completed: {name} ({tool_duration:.1f}s)")
if not blocked and agent.tool_complete_callback:
try:
agent.tool_complete_callback(tc.id, name, args, function_result)
except Exception as cb_err:
logging.debug(f"Tool complete callback error: {cb_err}")
function_result = maybe_persist_tool_result(
content=function_result,
tool_name=name,
tool_use_id=tc.id,
env=get_active_env(effective_task_id),
) if not _is_multimodal_tool_result(function_result) else function_result
subdir_hints = agent._subdirectory_hints.check_tool_call(name, args)
if subdir_hints:
if _is_multimodal_tool_result(function_result):
# Append the hint to the text summary part so the model
# still sees it; don't touch the image blocks.
_append_subdir_hint_to_multimodal(function_result, subdir_hints)
else:
function_result += subdir_hints
# Unwrap _multimodal dicts to an OpenAI-style content list so any
# vision-capable provider receives [{type:text},{type:image_url}]
# rather than a raw Python dict. The Anthropic adapter already
# accepts content lists; vision-capable OpenAI-compatible servers
# (mlx-vlm, GPT-4o, …) accept image_url in tool messages natively.
# Text-only servers get a string-safe fallback here so a rejected
# image tool result never poisons canonical session history.
# String results pass through unchanged.
_tool_content = agent._tool_result_content_for_active_model(name, function_result)
messages.append(make_tool_result_message(name, _tool_content, tc.id))
# ── Per-tool /steer drain ───────────────────────────────────
# Same as the sequential path: drain between each collected
# result so the steer lands as early as possible.
agent._apply_pending_steer_to_tool_results(messages, 1)
# ── Per-turn aggregate budget enforcement ─────────────────────────
num_tools = len(parsed_calls)
if num_tools > 0:
turn_tool_msgs = messages[-num_tools:]
enforce_turn_budget(turn_tool_msgs, env=get_active_env(effective_task_id))
# ── /steer injection ──────────────────────────────────────────────
# Append any pending user steer text to the last tool result so the
# agent sees it on its next iteration. Runs AFTER budget enforcement
# so the steer marker is never truncated. See steer() for details.
if num_tools > 0:
agent._apply_pending_steer_to_tool_results(messages, num_tools)
def execute_tool_calls_sequential(agent, assistant_message, messages: list, effective_task_id: str, api_call_count: int = 0) -> None:
"""Execute tool calls sequentially (original behavior). Used for single calls or interactive tools."""
for i, tool_call in enumerate(assistant_message.tool_calls, 1):
# SAFETY: check interrupt BEFORE starting each tool.
# If the user sent "stop" during a previous tool's execution,
# do NOT start any more tools -- skip them all immediately.
if agent._interrupt_requested:
remaining_calls = assistant_message.tool_calls[i-1:]
if remaining_calls:
agent._vprint(f"{agent.log_prefix}⚡ Interrupt: skipping {len(remaining_calls)} tool call(s)", force=True)
for skipped_tc in remaining_calls:
skipped_name = skipped_tc.function.name
skip_msg = {
"role": "tool",
"name": skipped_name,
"content": f"[Tool execution cancelled — {skipped_name} was skipped due to user interrupt]",
"tool_call_id": skipped_tc.id,
}
messages.append(skip_msg)
break
function_name = tool_call.function.name
try:
function_args = json.loads(tool_call.function.arguments)
except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
logger.warning(f"Unexpected JSON error after validation: {e}")
function_args = {}
if not isinstance(function_args, dict):
function_args = {}
# Tool Search unwrap — see execute_tool_calls_concurrent for full
# rationale, including the scope gate (the unwrap dispatches the
# underlying tool directly, so session toolset scope is enforced here).
_ts_scope_block: Optional[str] = None
try:
from tools import tool_search as _ts
if function_name == _ts.TOOL_CALL_NAME:
_underlying, _underlying_args, _err = _ts.resolve_underlying_call(function_args)
if not _err and _underlying:
if _underlying in _tool_search_scoped_names(agent):
function_name = _underlying
function_args = _underlying_args
else:
_ts_scope_block = (
f"'{_underlying}' is not available in this session. "
"Use tool_search to find tools you can call."
)
except Exception:
pass
# Check plugin hooks for a block directive before executing.
_block_msg: Optional[str] = None
_block_error_type = "plugin_block"
if _ts_scope_block is not None:
_block_msg = _ts_scope_block
_block_error_type = "tool_scope_block"
else:
try:
from hermes_cli.plugins import get_pre_tool_call_block_message
_block_msg = get_pre_tool_call_block_message(
function_name,
function_args,
task_id=effective_task_id or "",
session_id=getattr(agent, "session_id", "") or "",
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
turn_id=getattr(agent, "_current_turn_id", "") or "",
api_request_id=getattr(agent, "_current_api_request_id", "") or "",
)
except Exception:
pass
_guardrail_block_decision: ToolGuardrailDecision | None = None
if _block_msg is None:
guardrail_decision = agent._tool_guardrails.before_call(function_name, function_args)
if not guardrail_decision.allows_execution:
_guardrail_block_decision = guardrail_decision
_execution_blocked = _block_msg is not None or _guardrail_block_decision is not None
if _execution_blocked:
# Tool blocked by plugin or guardrail policy — skip counters,
# callbacks, checkpointing, activity mutation, and real execution.
pass
# Reset nudge counters when the relevant tool is actually used
elif function_name == "memory":
agent._turns_since_memory = 0
elif function_name == "skill_manage":
agent._iters_since_skill = 0
if not agent.quiet_mode:
args_str = json.dumps(function_args, ensure_ascii=False)
if agent.verbose_logging:
print(f" 📞 Tool {i}: {function_name}({list(function_args.keys())})")
print(agent._wrap_verbose("Args: ", json.dumps(function_args, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)))
else:
args_preview = args_str[:agent.log_prefix_chars] + "..." if len(args_str) > agent.log_prefix_chars else args_str
print(f" 📞 Tool {i}: {function_name}({list(function_args.keys())}) - {args_preview}")
if not _execution_blocked:
agent._current_tool = function_name
agent._touch_activity(f"executing tool: {function_name}")
# Set activity callback for long-running tool execution (terminal
# commands, etc.) so the gateway's inactivity monitor doesn't kill
# the agent while a command is running.
if not _execution_blocked:
try:
from tools.environments.base import set_activity_callback
set_activity_callback(agent._touch_activity)
except Exception:
pass
if not _execution_blocked and agent.tool_progress_callback:
try:
preview = _build_tool_preview(function_name, function_args)
agent.tool_progress_callback("tool.started", function_name, preview, function_args)
except Exception as cb_err:
logging.debug(f"Tool progress callback error: {cb_err}")
if not _execution_blocked and agent.tool_start_callback:
try:
agent.tool_start_callback(tool_call.id, function_name, function_args)
except Exception as cb_err:
logging.debug(f"Tool start callback error: {cb_err}")
# Checkpoint: snapshot working dir before file-mutating tools
if not _execution_blocked and function_name in {"write_file", "patch"} and agent._checkpoint_mgr.enabled:
try:
file_path = function_args.get("path", "")
if file_path:
work_dir = agent._checkpoint_mgr.get_working_dir_for_path(file_path)
agent._checkpoint_mgr.ensure_checkpoint(
work_dir, f"before {function_name}"
)
except Exception:
pass # never block tool execution
# Checkpoint before destructive terminal commands
if not _execution_blocked and function_name == "terminal" and agent._checkpoint_mgr.enabled:
try:
cmd = function_args.get("command", "")
if _is_destructive_command(cmd):
cwd = function_args.get("workdir") or os.getenv("TERMINAL_CWD", os.getcwd())
agent._checkpoint_mgr.ensure_checkpoint(
cwd, f"before terminal: {cmd[:60]}"
)
except Exception:
pass # never block tool execution
tool_start_time = time.time()
if _block_msg is not None:
# Tool blocked by plugin policy — return error without executing.
function_result = json.dumps({"error": _block_msg}, ensure_ascii=False)
tool_duration = 0.0
_emit_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
result=function_result,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
status="blocked",
error_type=_block_error_type,
error_message=_block_msg,
)
elif _guardrail_block_decision is not None:
# Tool blocked by tool-loop guardrail — synthesize exactly one
# tool result for the original tool_call_id without executing.
function_result = agent._guardrail_block_result(_guardrail_block_decision)
tool_duration = 0.0
_emit_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
result=function_result,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
status="blocked",
error_type="guardrail_block",
error_message=getattr(_guardrail_block_decision, "message", None) or "Tool blocked by guardrail policy",
)
elif function_name == "todo":
from tools.todo_tool import todo_tool as _todo_tool
function_result = _todo_tool(
todos=function_args.get("todos"),
merge=function_args.get("merge", False),
store=agent._todo_store,
)
tool_duration = time.time() - tool_start_time
if agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages():
agent._vprint(f" {_get_cute_tool_message_impl('todo', function_args, tool_duration, result=function_result)}")
elif function_name == "session_search":
session_db = agent._get_session_db_for_recall()
if not session_db:
from hermes_state import format_session_db_unavailable
function_result = json.dumps({"success": False, "error": format_session_db_unavailable()})
else:
from tools.session_search_tool import session_search as _session_search
function_result = _session_search(
query=function_args.get("query", ""),
role_filter=function_args.get("role_filter"),
limit=function_args.get("limit", 3),
session_id=function_args.get("session_id"),
around_message_id=function_args.get("around_message_id"),
window=function_args.get("window", 5),
sort=function_args.get("sort"),
db=session_db,
current_session_id=agent.session_id,
)
tool_duration = time.time() - tool_start_time
if agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages():
agent._vprint(f" {_get_cute_tool_message_impl('session_search', function_args, tool_duration, result=function_result)}")
elif function_name == "memory":
target = function_args.get("target", "memory")
from tools.memory_tool import memory_tool as _memory_tool
function_result = _memory_tool(
action=function_args.get("action"),
target=target,
content=function_args.get("content"),
old_text=function_args.get("old_text"),
store=agent._memory_store,
)
# Bridge: notify external memory provider of built-in memory writes
if agent._memory_manager and function_args.get("action") in {"add", "replace"}:
try:
agent._memory_manager.on_memory_write(
function_args.get("action", ""),
target,
function_args.get("content", ""),
metadata=agent._build_memory_write_metadata(
task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", None),
),
)
except Exception:
pass
tool_duration = time.time() - tool_start_time
if agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages():
agent._vprint(f" {_get_cute_tool_message_impl('memory', function_args, tool_duration, result=function_result)}")
elif function_name == "clarify":
from tools.clarify_tool import clarify_tool as _clarify_tool
function_result = _clarify_tool(
question=function_args.get("question", ""),
choices=function_args.get("choices"),
callback=agent.clarify_callback,
)
tool_duration = time.time() - tool_start_time
if agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages():
agent._vprint(f" {_get_cute_tool_message_impl('clarify', function_args, tool_duration, result=function_result)}")
elif function_name == "delegate_task":
tasks_arg = function_args.get("tasks")
if tasks_arg and isinstance(tasks_arg, list):
spinner_label = f"🔀 delegating {len(tasks_arg)} tasks · (/agents to monitor)"
else:
goal_preview = (function_args.get("goal") or "")[:30]
spinner_label = (
f"🔀 {goal_preview} · (/agents to monitor)"
if goal_preview
else "🔀 delegating · (/agents to monitor)"
)
spinner = None
if agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages() and agent._should_start_quiet_spinner():
face = random.choice(KawaiiSpinner.get_waiting_faces())
spinner = KawaiiSpinner(f"{face} {spinner_label}", spinner_type='dots', print_fn=agent._print_fn)
spinner.start()
agent._delegate_spinner = spinner
_delegate_result = None
try:
function_result = agent._dispatch_delegate_task(function_args)
_delegate_result = function_result
finally:
agent._delegate_spinner = None
tool_duration = time.time() - tool_start_time
cute_msg = _get_cute_tool_message_impl('delegate_task', function_args, tool_duration, result=_delegate_result)
if spinner:
spinner.stop(cute_msg)
elif agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages():
agent._vprint(f" {cute_msg}")
elif agent._context_engine_tool_names and function_name in agent._context_engine_tool_names:
# Context engine tools (lcm_grep, lcm_describe, lcm_expand, etc.)
spinner = None
if agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages():
face = random.choice(KawaiiSpinner.get_waiting_faces())
emoji = _get_tool_emoji(function_name)
preview = _build_tool_preview(function_name, function_args) or function_name
spinner = KawaiiSpinner(f"{face} {emoji} {preview}", spinner_type='dots', print_fn=agent._print_fn)
spinner.start()
_ce_result = None
try:
function_result = agent.context_compressor.handle_tool_call(function_name, function_args, messages=messages)
_ce_result = function_result
except Exception as tool_error:
function_result = json.dumps({"error": f"Context engine tool '{function_name}' failed: {tool_error}"})
logger.error("context_engine.handle_tool_call raised for %s: %s", function_name, tool_error, exc_info=True)
finally:
tool_duration = time.time() - tool_start_time
cute_msg = _get_cute_tool_message_impl(function_name, function_args, tool_duration, result=_ce_result)
if spinner:
spinner.stop(cute_msg)
elif agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages():
agent._vprint(f" {cute_msg}")
elif agent._memory_manager and agent._memory_manager.has_tool(function_name):
# Memory provider tools (hindsight_retain, honcho_search, etc.)
# These are not in the tool registry — route through MemoryManager.
spinner = None
if agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages() and agent._should_start_quiet_spinner():
face = random.choice(KawaiiSpinner.get_waiting_faces())
emoji = _get_tool_emoji(function_name)
preview = _build_tool_preview(function_name, function_args) or function_name
spinner = KawaiiSpinner(f"{face} {emoji} {preview}", spinner_type='dots', print_fn=agent._print_fn)
spinner.start()
_mem_result = None
try:
function_result = agent._memory_manager.handle_tool_call(function_name, function_args)
_mem_result = function_result
except Exception as tool_error:
function_result = json.dumps({"error": f"Memory tool '{function_name}' failed: {tool_error}"})
logger.error("memory_manager.handle_tool_call raised for %s: %s", function_name, tool_error, exc_info=True)
finally:
tool_duration = time.time() - tool_start_time
cute_msg = _get_cute_tool_message_impl(function_name, function_args, tool_duration, result=_mem_result)
if spinner:
spinner.stop(cute_msg)
elif agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages():
agent._vprint(f" {cute_msg}")
elif agent.quiet_mode:
spinner = None
if agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages() and agent._should_start_quiet_spinner():
face = random.choice(KawaiiSpinner.get_waiting_faces())
emoji = _get_tool_emoji(function_name)
preview = _build_tool_preview(function_name, function_args) or function_name
spinner = KawaiiSpinner(f"{face} {emoji} {preview}", spinner_type='dots', print_fn=agent._print_fn)
spinner.start()
_spinner_result = None
try:
function_result = _ra().handle_function_call(
function_name, function_args, effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=tool_call.id,
session_id=agent.session_id or "",
turn_id=getattr(agent, "_current_turn_id", "") or "",
api_request_id=getattr(agent, "_current_api_request_id", "") or "",
enabled_tools=list(agent.valid_tool_names) if agent.valid_tool_names else None,
skip_pre_tool_call_hook=True,
enabled_toolsets=getattr(agent, "enabled_toolsets", None),
disabled_toolsets=getattr(agent, "disabled_toolsets", None),
)
_spinner_result = function_result
except KeyboardInterrupt:
function_result = _emit_cancelled_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
start_time=tool_start_time,
)
_spinner_result = function_result
try:
agent.interrupt("keyboard interrupt")
except Exception:
pass
raise
except Exception as tool_error:
function_result = f"Error executing tool '{function_name}': {tool_error}"
logger.error("handle_function_call raised for %s: %s", function_name, tool_error, exc_info=True)
finally:
tool_duration = time.time() - tool_start_time
cute_msg = _get_cute_tool_message_impl(function_name, function_args, tool_duration, result=_spinner_result)
if spinner:
spinner.stop(cute_msg)
elif agent._should_emit_quiet_tool_messages():
agent._vprint(f" {cute_msg}")
else:
try:
function_result = _ra().handle_function_call(
function_name, function_args, effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=tool_call.id,
session_id=agent.session_id or "",
turn_id=getattr(agent, "_current_turn_id", "") or "",
api_request_id=getattr(agent, "_current_api_request_id", "") or "",
enabled_tools=list(agent.valid_tool_names) if agent.valid_tool_names else None,
skip_pre_tool_call_hook=True,
enabled_toolsets=getattr(agent, "enabled_toolsets", None),
disabled_toolsets=getattr(agent, "disabled_toolsets", None),
)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
_emit_cancelled_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
start_time=tool_start_time,
)
try:
agent.interrupt("keyboard interrupt")
except Exception:
pass
raise
except Exception as tool_error:
function_result = f"Error executing tool '{function_name}': {tool_error}"
logger.error("handle_function_call raised for %s: %s", function_name, tool_error, exc_info=True)
tool_duration = time.time() - tool_start_time
if isinstance(function_result, str):
result_preview = function_result if agent.verbose_logging else (
function_result[:200] if len(function_result) > 200 else function_result
)
_result_len = len(function_result)
else:
# Multimodal dict result (_multimodal=True) — not sliceable as string
result_preview = function_result
_result_len = len(str(function_result))
# Log tool errors to the persistent error log so [error] tags
# in the UI always have a corresponding detailed entry on disk.
_is_error_result, _ = _detect_tool_failure(function_name, function_result)
# The agent-runtime tools above (todo, session_search, memory,
# context-engine, memory-manager, clarify, delegate_task) are
# dispatched inline — they never reach handle_function_call, so the
# executor is the one that has to fire post_tool_call. For
# registry-dispatched tools the else-branch above invoked
# handle_function_call, which already fires the hook.
from agent.agent_runtime_helpers import agent_runtime_owns_post_tool_hook
_executor_must_emit_post_hook = (
not _execution_blocked
and agent_runtime_owns_post_tool_hook(agent, function_name)
)
if _executor_must_emit_post_hook:
_emit_terminal_post_tool_call(
agent,
function_name=function_name,
function_args=function_args,
result=function_result,
effective_task_id=effective_task_id,
tool_call_id=getattr(tool_call, "id", "") or "",
duration_ms=int(tool_duration * 1000),
)
if not _execution_blocked:
function_result = agent._append_guardrail_observation(
function_name,
function_args,
function_result,
failed=_is_error_result,
)
result_preview = function_result if agent.verbose_logging else (
function_result[:200] if len(function_result) > 200 else function_result
)
if _is_error_result:
logger.warning("Tool %s returned error (%.2fs): %s", function_name, tool_duration, result_preview)
else:
logger.info("tool %s completed (%.2fs, %d chars)", function_name, tool_duration, _result_len)
# Track file-mutation outcome for the turn-end verifier. See
# the concurrent path for the rationale; both paths must feed
# the same state so the footer reflects every tool call in the
# turn, not just the parallel ones.
if not _execution_blocked:
try:
agent._record_file_mutation_result(
function_name, function_args, function_result, _is_error_result,
)
except Exception as _ver_err:
logging.debug("file-mutation verifier record failed: %s", _ver_err)
if not _execution_blocked and agent.tool_progress_callback:
try:
agent.tool_progress_callback(
"tool.completed", function_name, None, None,
duration=tool_duration, is_error=_is_error_result,
result=function_result,
)
except Exception as cb_err:
logging.debug(f"Tool progress callback error: {cb_err}")
agent._current_tool = None
agent._touch_activity(f"tool completed: {function_name} ({tool_duration:.1f}s)")
if agent.verbose_logging:
logging.debug(f"Tool {function_name} completed in {tool_duration:.2f}s")
_log_result = _multimodal_text_summary(function_result)
logging.debug(f"Tool result ({len(_log_result)} chars): {_log_result}")
if not _execution_blocked and agent.tool_complete_callback:
try:
agent.tool_complete_callback(tool_call.id, function_name, function_args, function_result)
except Exception as cb_err:
logging.debug(f"Tool complete callback error: {cb_err}")
function_result = maybe_persist_tool_result(
content=function_result,
tool_name=function_name,
tool_use_id=tool_call.id,
env=get_active_env(effective_task_id),
) if not _is_multimodal_tool_result(function_result) else function_result
# Discover subdirectory context files from tool arguments
subdir_hints = agent._subdirectory_hints.check_tool_call(function_name, function_args)
if subdir_hints:
if _is_multimodal_tool_result(function_result):
_append_subdir_hint_to_multimodal(function_result, subdir_hints)
else:
function_result += subdir_hints
# Unwrap _multimodal dicts to an OpenAI-style content list
# (see parallel path for rationale). String results pass through.
_tool_content = agent._tool_result_content_for_active_model(function_name, function_result)
messages.append(make_tool_result_message(function_name, _tool_content, tool_call.id))
# ── Per-tool /steer drain ───────────────────────────────────
# Drain pending steer BETWEEN individual tool calls so the
# injection lands as soon as a tool finishes — not after the
# entire batch. The model sees it on the next API iteration.
agent._apply_pending_steer_to_tool_results(messages, 1)
if not agent.quiet_mode:
if agent.verbose_logging:
print(f" ✅ Tool {i} completed in {tool_duration:.2f}s")
print(agent._wrap_verbose("Result: ", function_result))
else:
_fr_str = function_result if isinstance(function_result, str) else str(function_result)
response_preview = _fr_str[:agent.log_prefix_chars] + "..." if len(_fr_str) > agent.log_prefix_chars else _fr_str
print(f" ✅ Tool {i} completed in {tool_duration:.2f}s - {response_preview}")
if agent._interrupt_requested and i < len(assistant_message.tool_calls):
remaining = len(assistant_message.tool_calls) - i
agent._vprint(f"{agent.log_prefix}⚡ Interrupt: skipping {remaining} remaining tool call(s)", force=True)
for skipped_tc in assistant_message.tool_calls[i:]:
skipped_name = skipped_tc.function.name
messages.append(make_tool_result_message(
skipped_name,
f"[Tool execution skipped — {skipped_name} was not started. User sent a new message]",
skipped_tc.id,
))
break
if agent.tool_delay > 0 and i < len(assistant_message.tool_calls):
time.sleep(agent.tool_delay)
# ── Per-turn aggregate budget enforcement ─────────────────────────
num_tools_seq = len(assistant_message.tool_calls)
if num_tools_seq > 0:
enforce_turn_budget(messages[-num_tools_seq:], env=get_active_env(effective_task_id))
# ── /steer injection ──────────────────────────────────────────────
# See _execute_tool_calls_parallel for the rationale. Same hook,
# applied to sequential execution as well.
if num_tools_seq > 0:
agent._apply_pending_steer_to_tool_results(messages, num_tools_seq)
__all__ = [
"execute_tool_calls_concurrent",
"execute_tool_calls_sequential",
]